Chapter 1 - Nature and significance of management Class 12th commerce
Meaning of Management: Management is a process of getting things done. Process of management refers to Planning , organizing , Staffing , Directing , Controlling the available r...
Chapter 2 Principles of Management
Meaning of  Principles of Management: A managerial principle is a broad and general guideline for  guiding decision making and for guiding behavior of management. These guidel...
Chapter 3 Business Environment class 12th Commerce
Concept - Meaning of Business Environment: Environment means surrounding. Business environment means surrounding of business. The term ‘business environment’ means the su...
Chapter 4 Planning class 12th Commerce
Concept: Â Meaning of planning Planning is one of the basic managerial functions. Rather planning is the first function of management. Planning refers to deciding in advance...
Chapter 5 Organising class 12th Commerce2
Concept: Meaning of organizing : Organizing essentially implies a process which coordinates human efforts, assembles resources and integrates both into a unified whole to be ut...
Chapter 7 Directing class 12th Commerce
Concept: Meaning of Directing: Directing means giving instructions and guiding people in doing work. In the context of management of an organisation, directing refers to the...
Chapter 8 Controlling class 12th Commerce
Concept : Â MEANING CONTROLLING Controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In other words, controlling means ensuring that activities in an organisation are ...
Chapter 9 Financial Management class 12th Commerce
Concept : Meaning of financial management Financial Statement Balance sheet as on 1 Sources  (i) ...
Chapter 10 Financial Markets class 12th Commerce
Concept: Meaning of Sensex and NIFTY  The index of financial market – the Sensex  — BSE- BSE, the first ever stock exchange in Asia established in 1875 Sensex- ...
Chapter 11 Marketing class 12th Commerce
 Concept :  Meaning of Market Traditional Senses: In the traditional sense, the term ‘market refers to the place where buyers and sellers gather to enter into transa...
Chapter 12 Consumer Protection class 12th Commerce
Meaning of consumer protection Consumer protection means In other words, it refers to the measures adopted for the unscrupulous and unethical malpracticesby the business and ...
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